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Total Roman domination over Greece proper was marked by the destruction of Corinth in 146 BC; Greece then formed an integral part of the Roman world leading into the Byzantine period. Pyrrhus decided that Sicily offered him a greater opportunity, and sailed his army there.[5]. He proceeded to take over Sicily from Carthage but was soon driven out, and lost all his gains in Italy after the Battle of Beneventum in 275 BC. The ancient Kingdom of Epirus covered much of modern day Albania and part of northern Greece. Epirus Pyrrhus of Epirus. Aeacides was wounded in the last battle and died soon after. Whilst he was undoubtedly a great battlefield commander his strategic outcomes were poor. Based on the Alexander and His Successors list by Jervis Johnson. One of these was Pyrrhus, who gained control of the northern Greek kingdom of Epirus, and famously went on to campaign in Greece, Italy, and Sicily. Pyrrhus of Epirus The Initial Clash: Republican Rome vs. Pyrrhus of Epirus by Jeff Jonas. The Tarentines asked Pyrrhus to lead their war against the Romans. Cassander sent one of his generals, Lyciscus, to act as regent to the still underaged Neoptolemus. This is the Pyrrhic army of Epirus in the third century BC. The Athenians thanked Pyrrhus by erecting a bust to him and allowing him into the city for the celebrations. Pyrrhus was informed of a plot against his life and decided to strike first. * Pyrrhus's Allies: the Tarantines, Lucanians, Bruttians and Samnites. His western campaign had taken a heavy toll on his army as well as his treasury. If you’re unfamiliar with the term, a Pyrrhic victory essentially means a battle … Pyrrhus spent much of his youth in exile. The Army of Pyrrhus of Epirus: 3rd Century BC, Book 528 (Men-at-Arms) by Nicholas Sekunda English | September 19th, 2019 | ISBN: 1472833481 | 48 pages | EPUB | 15.15 MB Pyrrhus was one of the most tireless and famous warriors of the Hellenistic Age that followed the dispersal of Alexander the Great's brief empire. Glaukias had to promise not to act against Cassander, but he refused to give up Pyrrhus and his family. This prompted the rest of the Carthaginian-controlled cities to defect to Pyrrhus. This story is later recounted by Plutarch in his Life of Pyrrhus. Cassander sent an army under his brother Philip who defeated Aeacides in two battles. [5] Pyrrhus was raised by Beroea, Glaukias' wife, a Molossian of the Aeacidae dynasty. * Chronology of the reign of Pyrrhus, 307-272 BC . Pyrrhus probably fought with Demetrius on the right wing, a place of honour, and made a brilliant display of valour among the combatants. This is a list of cities in ancient Epirus.These were Greek poleis, komes or fortresses except for Nicopolis, which was founded by Octavian.Classical Epirus was divided into three regions: Chaonia, Molossia, Thesprotia, each named after the dominant tribe that lived there.A number of ancient settlements in these regions remain unidentified. With these combined assets his army could have numbered over 70,000 troops. After a campaign in Sicily against the Carthaginians, he was defeated by the Romans at Beneventum and was forced to withdraw. During what came to be known as the Pyrrhic War, Pyrrhus fought Rome at the behest of Tarentum, scoring costly victories at Heraclea and Asculum. In 289 BC, he invaded Pyrrhus' allies, the Aetolian League, hoping to neutralize them before he invaded Epirus. Buy The Army of Pyrrhus of Epirus: 3rd Century BC (Men-at-Arms) by Sekunda, Nicholas, Dennis, Peter (ISBN: 9781472833488) from Amazon's Book Store. When the Macedonian army heard that their homeland was being overrun by Pyrrhus, they turned on Demetrius. #045 The Army of Pyrrhus of Epirus. Famed mercenary general Pyrrhus of Epirus gave birth to the phrase “pyrrhic victory” after defeating the Roman forces in a costly battle at Asculum. Rome’s war against that infamous Hellenistic condottiere king Pyrrhus of Epirus in 280 to 275 that finally brought Rome fully into the purview of Hellenistic international relations. Obverse: Veiled head of Phtia with oak wreath, caption ΦΘΙΑΣ (of Phtia). His story and the story of his army is told in this Osprey Men-at-Arms Series book, authored by Nicholas Sekunda. [9][10][11][12] Several of his victorious battles caused him unacceptably heavy losses, from which the term Pyrrhic victory was coined. His third wife was the daughter of Audoleon, King of Paeonia; his fourth wife was the Illyrian princess Bircenna, who was the daughter of King Bardylis II (r. c. 295–290 BC); and his fifth wife was the daughter of Ptolemy Keraunos, whom he married in 281/280 BC. This was the period of the Successors and war between them was the norm, dragging in other states. Wallachian and Moldovan troops of the Napoleonic wars, Jeff Champion Pen and Sword ISBN 978 1 844159 390. He developed into an brave and capable commander before returning to Epirus as King. In 302 BC, Demetrius took his army to Asia Minor to support his father Antigonus Monophthalmus. Pyrrhus was wounded, but in return wounded his opponent twice, in the thigh and in the neck. So when Demetrius invaded Aetolia, Pyrrhus did the same, but the two armies failed to make contact. Pyrrhus did not oppose Lysimachus for he was probably fighting a war in Illyria to the north. [43], Antigonus managed to hold on to a number of coastal cities. Before you start Complete The Army of Pyrrhus of Epirus: 3rd Century BC PDF EPUB by Nicholas Sekunda Download, you can read below technical ebook details: Although this was designed as a measure against the Italian peoples of Lucania, the Tarentines grew nervous and attacked the Romans in Thurii, driving the Roman garrison from the city and sinking several Roman warships. In spite of this victory, Sicily continued to grow increasingly hostile to Pyrrhus, who began to consider abandoning Sicily. Pyrrhus returned to Epirus at the head of an army, but not willing to fight a civil war he agreed to rule Epirus together with Neoptolemus. Before leaving Italy Pyrrhus sent requests for military and financial assistance to southern Greece and … Fearing an invasion from Asia Minor, where Antigonus was building up his forces, he shifted his attention from west to the east. He invited his fellow king to a dinner and had him murdered. The Romans had succeeded in conquering most of Italy and were now moving in to take the Greek cities in Magna Graecia. [20], Pyrrhus returned to Epirus at the head of an army, but not willing to fight a civil war he agreed to rule Epirus together with Neoptolemus. Pyrrhus was set alongside Caius Marius, the army reformer of the late Roman Republic, in Plutarch’s “Parallel Lives” (“Vitae Parallelae”). Pyrrhus was quite a character. The author has a good writing style and effectively deals with the limited sources in way that retains readability for the general reader. Pyrrhus raised an army from his Epirote garrisons, Gallic mercenaries and the troops he had brought back from Italy and marched east into Macedon. While he was in Illyria the Molossians rose in rebellion, drove out Pyrrhus' supporters, and returned Neoptolemus to the throne. * The appearance of Pyrrhus. While he was back in Epirus, Pyrrhus suffered another setback. [42] The realm of his rival king Antigonus Gonatas of Macedon was the most obvious target. * Pyrrhus's Allies: the Tarantines, Lucanians, Bruttians and Samnites. Many of his soldiers did not like their service and mutinied. Too many campaigns were not seen through to the end and his diplomatic skills in maintaining allies were weak, even allowing for the shifting alliances of the period. * Pyrrhus as general: his books on the art of war; his coucillors. THE ARMY OF PYRRHUS OF EPIRUS : 3RD CENTURY BC. Pyrrhus engaged his army, not only in Greece, but also in Italy and Sicily, before he died in the streets of Argos fighting the Spartans and their allies. [18], Antigonus had grown too powerful and the other successors, Seleucus, Lysimachus, Ptolemy and Cassander, had united against him. This latter account is also given by Appian. Pyrrhus agreed, probably in order to keep his fractious Macedonian troops busy and less likely to rebel and also to gain an easy victory over the weakened Antigonids. [16] When he was seventeen he travelled to the court of Glaukias in Illyria to attend the wedding of one of Glaukias' sons. John Milton, Milton's L'allegro, Il Penseroso, Arcades, Lycidas, Sonnets Etc, pp 168. Pyrrhus waited until Demetrius had marched against Lysimachus and then invaded southern Macedonia. Reputedly raising 110,000 soldiers and 500 ships. In 292 BC, he went to war against his former ally and brother-in-law Demetrius by invading Thessaly while Demetrius was besieging Thebes. Pyrrhus, king of the Molossians in Epirus, married Lanassa, daughter of king Agathocles of Syracuse, in 295. - Pyrrhus of Epirus The phrase a "Pyrrhic victory" is often used to denote a win that costs the victor more than the loser, but few have any notion of how the term came into use. Coin of Pyrrhus minted at Syracuse, 278 BC. The Epirote assault on Sparta was thwarted, however, and Pyrrhus was killed during a street battle at Argos. Meanwhile, the Romans had made peace with the Etruscans and had recalled Tiberius Coruncanius, the other consul, who was marching his army southwards from Etruria towards Rome. Pyrrhus had little time to mourn, as he was immediately offered an opportunity to intervene in a civic dispute in Argos. About The Army of Pyrrhus of Epirus. At this time the state was a loose combination of tribes with the King's role primarily that of war leader. The Army of Pyrrhus of Epirus: 3rd Century BC by Nicholas Sekunda – … When the Sicilians became unhappy about these contributions he had to resort to compulsory contributions and force to keep them in line. Soon both kings started to plot against one another. When Pyrrhus invaded Apulia (279 BC), the two armies met in the Battle of Asculum, where Pyrrhus won a costly victory. Pyrrhus agreed to the plan, intending to win control of the Peloponnese for himself, but unexpected strong resistance thwarted his assault on Sparta. Pyrrhus made the most of the situation and advised the Athenians never to let a king enter their city again. At this point, Samnite and Tarentine envoys reached Pyrrhus and informed him that of all the Greek cities in Italy, only Tarentum had not been conquered by Rome. Aeacides supported Olympias in her fight against Cassander and marched on Macedon. There are conflicting sources about casualties. [28], Demetrius gathered a new army in Greece and besieged Athens, which had rebelled against the puppet government he had installed. Unfortunately for Demetrius, his troops were so fed up with him that they deserted to Pyrrhus and he had to flee. Lysimachus was soon joined by Pyrrhus and they decided to share rulership over Macedonia. Despite (or perhaps because of) this, Pyrrhus went to war yet again. Pyrrhus became king of Epirus in 306 BC at the age of 13, but was dethroned by Cassander four years later. £11.99. Pyrrhus, still with Demetrius, continued to serve his brother-in-law who started rebuilding his father's empire. Pyrrhus had the bulk of the army of Epirus with him, probably 20,000-25,000 men, while Pantauchus commanded but a detachment of Demetrius' army consisting of around 11,000 men. Pyrrhus of Epirus was a Greek general and statesman, whose military victories against Rome gave rise to the phrase ‘Pyrrhic victory’. [48] His second wife was Lanassa, daughter of King Agathocles of Syracuse (r. 317–289 BC), whom he married in about 295 BC; the couple had two sons, Alexander[48] and Helenus; Lanassa left Pyrrhus. Pyrrhus at the battle of Ausculum. After returning to his army in mainland Greece, Demetrius planned to invade Epirus. After inheriting the throne as a boy, and a period of exile, he began a career of alliances and expansion, in particular against the region's rising power: Rome. The Greek city of Tarentum, in southern Italy, fell out with Rome due to a violation of an old treaty that specified Rome was not to send warships into the Tarentine Gulf. The books with an explanation of the time and place of Pyrrhus in the 3rd Century BC. After the inconclusive Battle of Beneventum in 275 BC, Pyrrhus decided to end his campaign in Italy and return to Epirus which resulted in the loss of essentially all the gains he had made in Italy. These measures culminated in him proclaiming a military dictatorship of Sicily and installing military garrisons in Sicilian cities.[39]. Pyrrhos, King of Epeiros, 297–72 BC. Pyrrhus of Epirus was a Greek general and statesman, whose military victories against Rome gave rise to the phrase ‘Pyrrhic victory’. INFANTRY ALLIES / MERCENARIES Set 2. Characters may not total more than 25% of the army. Reverse: Thunderbolt, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΥΡΡΟΥ (of King Pyrrhus). The books with an explanation of the time and place of Pyrrhus in the 3rd Century BC. He reminded them that Pyrrhus was in fact a foreign king while he himself was a true Macedonian. [29], In 285 BC, Demetrius was defeated by Seleucus. Stand 02.03.2021 ALLIES / MERCENARIES: Ligurians. The Epirote Army List (revised 03/04) Characters: Pyrrhus of Epirus must be the General. These actions were deeply unpopular and soon Sicilian opinion became inflamed against him. Firstly his conflicts with neighbouring Macedonia and then, at the invitation of the Southern Italian states, with Rome. First, the Epirote king and the Macedonian officer fought a duel, and after Pyrrhus had been victorious, his army defeated its enemy. [34] The consul Publius Decius Mus was the Roman commander, and while his able force was ultimately defeated, they almost managed to break the back of Pyrrhus' Epirot army, which guaranteed the security of Rome itself. Pyrrhus' army then began besieging Lilybaeum. THE ARMY OF PYRRHUS OF EPIRUS. While he was fighting an Argive soldier, the soldier's old mother, who was watching from a rooftop, threw a tile which knocked him from his horse and broke part of his spine, paralyzing him. There, he married Ptolemy I's stepdaughter Antigone (a daughter of Berenice I of Egypt from her first husband Philip—respectively, Ptolemy I's wife and a Macedonian noble). Phalanx: At least 25% of the points value of the army. Pyrrhus was one of the most tireless and famous warriors of the Hellenistic Age that followed the dispersal of Alexander the Great's brief empire. Pyrrhus had so alienated the Sicilian Greeks that they were willing to make common cause with the Carthaginians. The army then honoured Pyrrhus by bestowing the surname of 'Eagle' upon him. Modified 01/28/11. When Pyrrhus returned from Sicily, he found himself vastly outnumbered against a superior Roman army. Pyrrhus was one of the most tireless and famous warriors of the Hellenistic Age that followed the dispersal of Alexander the Great's brief empire. Pyrrhus' family fled north and took refuge with Glaukias of the Taulantians, one of the largest Illyrian tribes. One of these was Pyrrhus, who gained control of the northern Greek kingdom of Epirus, and famously went on to campaign in Greece, Italy, and Sicily. It was, of course, Rome's war against that infamous Hellenistic condottiere king Pyrrhus of Epirus in 280 to 275 that finally brought Rome fully into the purview of Hellenistic international relations. In response to congratulations for winning a costly victory over the Romans, he is reported to have said: "If we are victorious in one more battle with the Romans, we shall be utterly ruined".[38]. He accepted, sailed to the island and took possession of both Corcyra and Lannasa. "History of Liberty: The Ancient Romans" (1853), p. 6. When Demetrius, in 286 BC, invaded Asia in order to attack Lysimachus's Asian domains, Lysimachus requested that Pyrrhus invade Thessaly and from there attack Demetrius' garrisons in Greece. Whether he was alive or not after the blow is unknown, but his death was assured when a Macedonian soldier named Zopyrus, though frightened by the look on the face of the unconscious king, hesitantly and ineptly beheaded his motionless body. [44] He then waited for an opportunity to reclaim his kingdom while Pyrrhus was already looking for another war to fight. Everyday low … Emboldened by their king's victory, the Epirotes resumed their attack and broke Pantauchus' army, and took 5,000 prisoners. Aeacides took advantage of the situation and returned to Epirus. Pantauchus challenged Pyrrhus to individual combat, Pyrrhus accepted. Stand 02.03.2021 ALLIES / MERCENARIES: Ligurians. [15], In 307 BC, Glaukias invaded Epirus and put Pyrrhus on the throne. A fitting end for a King who was almost continually at war. Demetrius' elite Leukaspides troops desert, and then celebrate Pyrrhus of Epirus as the new King of Macedon, 288 BC. Pyrrhus, (born 319 bce —died 272, Argos, Argolis), king of Hellenistic Epirus whose costly military successes against Macedonia and Rome gave rise to the phrase “Pyrrhic victory.” His Memoirs and books on the art of war were quoted and praised by many ancient authors, including Cicero.. In 272 BC, Cleonymus, a Spartan of royal blood who was hated among fellow Spartans, asked Pyrrhus to attack Sparta and place him in power. Win Some, Lose a Lot. This is the Pyrrhic army of Epirus in the third century BC. Pyrrhus's Greek Empire was now at its zenith: he ruled an enlarged Epirus, half of Macedonia, and Thessaly. He also made a large donation to the Aetolians, Pyrrhus's main allies in Greece. [33] In 282 BC, the Romans installed garrisons in the Greek cities of Thurii (on the western end of the Tarentine Gulf), Locri, and Rhegium, and sent warships to Thurii. Covering the history of the Balkans since 1997. After inheriting the throne as a boy, and a period of exile, he began a career of alliances and expansion, in particular against the region's rising power: Rome. [3][14] Cassander marched against Glaukias, defeated his army and captured Apollonia. The Aetolians refused battle and retreated into the hills. He had two sisters: Deidamia and Troias. Unfortunately for Antigonus, he lost both the battle and his life. [19], In 298 BC, Pyrrhus was taken hostage to Alexandria, under the terms of a peace treaty made between Demetrius and Ptolemy I Soter. [15], By 313 BC, Cassander was distracted by his war against Antigonus Monophthalmus, one of the most powerful of the Diadochi. [29], Pyrrhus and Demetrius made peace once more but, like all previous agreements, it did not last. He won an easy victory at the Battle of the Aous and took most of Macedon. By 197 BC, Macedonia and many southern Greek city-states became Roman client states; in 188 BC, the Seleucid Empire was forced to cede most of Asia Minor to Rome's ally Pergamon (Pergamum). These people buried their leaders in large tumuli containing shaft graves, similar to the Mycenaean tombs, indicating an ancestral link between Epirus and the Mycenaean civilization. * The Army of Pyrrhus: Guard Cavalry, Line Cavalry, Macedonian Phalanx, Epirote Phalanx, Mercenary Phalanx, Elephants, and Slingers. At the same time, the Macedonians, whose King Ptolemy Keraunos had been killed by invading Gauls, asked Pyrrhus to ascend the throne of Macedon. Lysimachus and Seleucus, reinforced by two of Cassander's armies, had concentrated their forces in Asia Minor and marched on Antigonus. He probably inherited a modern Macedonian style of army based on the pike armed phalanx supported by cavalry and elephants.
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